ARE CALCIUM SILICATE SEALERS LESS CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC THAN EPOXY RESIN SEALERS? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF IN VITRO STUDIES

Aims: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether calcium silicate-based sealers are less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than epoxy resin-based sealers. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches were conducted for studies published up to September 27th, 2022, without restriction for language or year of publication, in the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Grey Literature Report. Only in vitrostudies that evaluated the cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of calcium silicate and epoxy resin-based sealers were included. The quality assessment was performed. Results: After duplicate removal and eligibility criteria assessment, a total of thirty-four studies were included. Twenty-eight studies had a low risk of bias, and six studies had amoderate risk of bias. In general, calcium silicate-based sealers had a lower cytotoxic and genotoxic potential than epoxy-resin based sealers.Conclusions: Based on the findings from in vitrostudies, calcium silicate-based sealers are less cytotoxic andgenotoxic than epoxy resin-based sealers

POSTOPERATIVE PAIN INCIDENCE AND INTENSITY FOLLOWING ROOT CANAL OBTURATION WITH BIOCERAMIC AND OTHER SEALERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS

Aims: To investigate whether bioceramicsealers induce a lower incidence and intensity of postoperative pain compared to other sealers. Materials and Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for studies published up to April 2022, following the PICOS strategy: (P) adult patients undergoing root canal treatment or retreatment; (I) root canal filling using bioceramic sealer; (C) root canal filling using other types of sealers; (O) Primary: postoperative pain incidence and/or intensity; Secondary: number of medication intake; (S) randomizedclinical trials. Risk of bias assessment was performed with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized trials (RoB 2). Overall certainty of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Results: Ten studies were included. Eight studies had a low risk of bias, and two had some concerns risk. Meta-analyses showed no differences regarding postoperative pain intensity and incidence between bioceramic sealers and AH Plus. Number of medication intake seemed to be associated to the preoperative diagnosis. Zinc oxide-eugenol sealer demonstrated an intense postoperative pain compared to bioceramic sealers and AH Plus. GRADE analysis showed a low certainty of evidence for all outcomes. Conclusions: There seem to be no differences between bioceramic sealers and AH Plus regarding postoperative pain intensity and incidence. Number of medication intake seem to be associated to the preoperative diagnosis. Zinc oxide-eugenol evoked a more pronounced postoperative pain.

Analysis of pH, calcium ion release, and energy dispersive spectroscopy of a bioceramic root canal dressing

Abstract This study compared the pH and calcium ion release of calcium silicate- (Bio-C Temp) and calcium hydroxide-based (Ultracal XS) medications. Intracanal remnants of both medications were also evaluated using SEM-EDS after the removal protocol. Thirty-five bovine teeth were prepared. Fifteen were filled with Bio-C Temp and 15 with Ultracal XS. Five remained without intracanal medication (control group). Five samples from each experimental time (i.e.. 24, 72, and 168 hours) were used to measure pH and calcium ions release using a digital pH meter and microplate reader, respectively. Afterward, the peaks of the chemical elements composing both medications were analyzed in SEM-EDS. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test analyzed the pH and calcium ion release data. Student's t-test compared the medications in each experimental time. SEM-EDS described the percentage of chemical elements in the samples. Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS showed a significant pH increase from 24 to 168 hours (p<0.05). Ultracal XS showed a higher pH value at 24 hours than Bio-C Temp (p<0.05) but were similar at 72 and 168h (p > 0.05). Calcium ion release did not depend on the experimental period (p > 0.05). Bio-C Temp showed lower calcium ions release than Ultracal XS at 24 hours (p<0.05). SEM-EDS analyses showed the remains of both medications, but the concentration of Si, Al, and W ions was present only in the calcium silicate-based medication. Bio-C Temp presented alkaline pH and a satisfactory calcium ion release over the time. The remaining of both medications were present after the protocols for paste removal.

Resumo Este estudo comparou o pH e a liberação de íons cálcio de medicações intracanais a à base de silicato de cálcio (Bio-C Temp) e à base de hidróxido de cálcio (Ultracal XS). Remanescentes de ambas as medicações também foram avaliados usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de dispersão de energia após o protocolo de remoção. Trinta e cinco dentes bovinos foram preparados. Quinze dentes foram preenchidos com Bio-C Temp e 15 com Ultracal XS. Cinco permaneceram sem medicação intracanal (grupo controle). Cinco amostras de cada tempo experimental (ou seja, 24, 72 e 168 horas) foram usadas para medir o pH e a liberação de íons de cálcio usando um medidor de pH digital e um leitor de microplacas, respectivamente. Em seguida, os picos dos elementos químicos que compõem os dois medicamentos foram analisados ​​em microscopia eletrônica de varredura e por espectroscopia de dispersão de energia. Os testes One-way ANOVA e post hoc de Tukey analisaram os dados de pH e liberação de íons cálcio. O teste t de Student comparou as medicações em cada tempo experimental. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a espectroscopia de dispersão de energia descreveu a porcentagem de elementos químicos nas amostras. O Bio-C Temp e o Ultracal XS mostraram um aumento significativo de pH de 24 a 168 horas (p<0,05). O Ultracal XS apresentou um valor de pH mais alto em 24 horas do que o Bio-C Temp (p<0,05), mas foi semelhante em 72 e 168h (p > 0,05). A liberação de íons cálcio não dependeu do período experimental (p> 0,05). O Bio-C Temp apresentou menor liberação de íons de cálcio do que Ultracal XS em 24 horas (p<0,05). As análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de dispersão de energia mostraram remanescentes de ambas as medicações, mas a concentração de íons Si, Al e W estavam presentes apenas na medicação à base de silicato de cálcio. O Bio-C Temp apresentou pH alcalino e maior liberação de íons cálcio. Remanescentes de ambas as medicações estiveram presentes após os protocolos de remoção da pasta.

DOES THE ACTIVATION OF ROOT CANAL DRESSINGS IMPROVE THEIR FILLING QUALITY ON TEETH WITH SIMULATED INTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION?

This study aims to evaluate, by micro-computed tomography, the filling capacity of two root canal dressings (RCD) - Bio-C Temp and Ultracal - after different activation protocols in teeth with simulated internal root resorption. Eighty single-rooted bovine teeth were sectioned in the cervical portion, standardizing the roots at 16 mm. Then, the canals were prepared by the apex-crown technique until instrument #80 using 2mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution at each instrument change. Afterward, the roots were sectioned longitudinally, and internal root resorptions were simulated using a diamond bur 1016 at 5 mm from the root apex. Hemiroots were joined and fixed with cyanoacrylate, scanned in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to assess total canal volume and simulated internal resorption, and then divided by stratified randomization into experimental groups according to RCD and method of activation (n = 10): Ultracal/Syringe; Ultracal/PUI, Ultracal/XP Endo Finisher, Ultracal Easy Clean, Bio-C Temp/Syringe, Bio-C Temp/PUI, Bio-C Temp/XP Endo Finisher and Bio-C/Easy Clean. Another scanning was performed to assess the volume of voids after RCD activation methods. The ANOVA and Tukey tests compared the activation methods. Student's T-test compared the RCDs within each activation method. Initial root canal volume values were similar for all groups (P > 0.05). There was no difference between activation protocols (P > 0.05). Higher volumes of void spaces were observed for Bio-C Temp compared to Ultracal after all activation methods (P < 0.05), except for Easy Clean (P > 0.05). Due to this, it can be concluded that the agitation methods tested for the Bio-C Temp and Ultracal pastes did not improve the filling of bovine teeth with simulated internal root resorption.

DOES THE ACTIVATION OF ROOT CANAL DRESSINGS IMPROVE THEIR FILLING QUALITY ON TEETH WITH SIMULATED INTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION?

Aims: This study aims to evaluate, by micro-computed tomography, the filling capacity of two root canal dressings (RCD) -Bio-C Temp and Ultracal -after different activation protocols in teeth with simulated internal root resorption.Materials and methods: Eighty single-rooted bovine teeth were sectioned in the cervical portion, standardizing the roots at 16 mm. Then, the canals were prepared by the apex-crown technique until instrument #80 using 2mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution at each instrument change. Afterward, the roots were sectioned longitudinally, and internal root resorptions were simulated using a diamond bur 1016 at 5 mm from the root apex. Hemiroots were joined and fixed with cyanoacrylate, scanned in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to assess total canal volume and simulated internal resorption, and then divided by stratified randomization into experimental groups according to RCD and method of activation (n = 10): Ultracal/Syringe; Ultracal/PUI, Ultracal/XP Endo Finisher, Ultracal Easy Clean, Bio-C Temp/Syringe, Bio-C Temp/PUI, Bio-C Temp/XP Endo Finisher and Bio-C/Easy Clean. Another scanning was performed to assess the volume of voids after RCD activation methods. The ANOVA and Tukey tests compared the activation methods. Student's T-test compared the RCDs within each activation method. Initial root canal volume values were similar for all groups (P > 0.05).Results:There was no difference between activation protocols (P > 0.05). Higher volumes of void spaces were observed for Bio-C Temp compared to Ultracal after all activation methods (P < 0.05), except for Easy Clean (P > 0.05).Conclusion:It can be concluded that the agitation methods tested for the Bio-C Temp and Ultracal pastes did not improve the filling of bovine teeth with simulated internal root resorption.

DOES THE ACTIVATION OF ROOT CANAL DRESSINGS IMPROVE THEIR FILLING QUALITY ON TEETH WITH SIMULATED INTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION?

Aims: This study aims to evaluate, by micro-computed tomography, the filling capacity of two root canal dressings (RCD) -Bio-C Temp and Ultracal -after different activation protocols in teeth with simulated internal root resorption.Materials and methods: Eighty single-rooted bovine teeth were sectioned in the cervical portion, standardizing the roots at 16 mm. Then, the canals were prepared by the apex-crown technique until instrument #80 using 2mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution at each instrument change. Afterward, the roots were sectioned longitudinally, and internal root resorptions were simulated using a diamond bur 1016 at 5 mm from the root apex. Hemiroots were joined and fixed with cyanoacrylate, scanned in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to assess total canal volume and simulated internal resorption, and then divided by stratified randomization into experimental groups according to RCD and method of activation (n = 10): Ultracal/Syringe; Ultracal/PUI, Ultracal/XP Endo Finisher, Ultracal Easy Clean, Bio-C Temp/Syringe, Bio-C Temp/PUI, Bio-C Temp/XP Endo Finisher and Bio-C/Easy Clean. Another scanning was performed to assess the volume of voids after RCD activation methods. The ANOVA and Tukey tests compared the activation methods. Student's T-test compared the RCDs within each activation method. Initial root canal volume values were similar for all groups (P > 0.05).Results:There was no difference between activation protocols (P > 0.05). Higher volumes of void spaces were observed for Bio-C Temp compared to Ultracal after all activation methods (P < 0.05), except for Easy Clean (P > 0.05).Conclusion:It can be concluded that the agitation methods tested for the Bio-C Temp and Ultracal pastes did not improve the filling of bovine teeth with simulated internal root resorption

BR-EMS 2021 life table for the Brazilian insured population / Tábuas de mortalidade BR-EMS 2021 do mercado segurador brasileiro / Tabla de vida BR-EMS 2021 para la población asegurada brasileña

Abstract This article presents the Brazilian private insurance market's actuarial life tables, BR- EMS 2021. Using Bayesian inference on the parameters of the Heligman- Pollard law of mortality and data from 23 insurance groups over 15 years, totaling 3.5 billion registers, the data were corrected through a two hidden-layer neural network. The resulting tables show that the insured population exhibits lower mortality rates than the general Brazilian population, even lower than the national populations of well-developed countries such as the USA. Moreover, besides the expected gender gap in mortality rates, there is a clear distance between the death and survivorship insurance coverage groups. Likewise, the insured population characteristics mitigate well-known regional structural discrepancies in the Brazilian population, indicating that being part of the selected population of insured individuals is thus associated with a more effective protection against death than other outstanding factors such as geographic region of residence.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta as tábuas de vida do mercado de seguros privados brasileiro, BR-EMS 2021. Os dados obtidos de 23 grupos seguradores ao longo de 15 anos, totalizando 3,5 bilhões de registros, foram corrigidos por meio de rede neural com duas camadas ocultas. Usando a inferência bayesiana para estimar os parâmetros sob a lei de mortalidade Heligman-Pollard, as tábuas obtidas mostram que a população segurada apresenta probabilidades de morte mais baixas do que a população brasileira em geral e até mesmo em relação a populações nacionais de países desenvolvidos, como os EUA. Além da esperada diferença de gênero nas taxas de mortalidade, há uma clara distância entre as probabilidades de morte dos grupos de cobertura de risco e cobertura de sobrevivência. Da mesma forma, é demonstrado que as tábuas regionais da população segurada não apresentam as discrepâncias regionais conhecidas no Brasil, indicando que fazer parte da população selecionada de segurados está associado a um fator de proteção mais eficaz do que outros fatores, como a região geográfica de residência.

Resumen Este artículo presenta las tablas de vida del mercado de seguros privados brasileño, BR-EMS 2021. Los datos, obtenidos de 23 grupos de seguros a lo largo de 15 años, totalizando 3,5 mil millones de registros, fueron corregidos usando una red neuronal con dos capas ocultas. Mediante la inferencia bayesiana para estimar los parámetros bajo la ley de mortalidad de Heligman-Pollard, las tablas obtenidas muestran que la población asegurada tiene tasas de mortalidad más bajas que la población general brasileña e incluso más bajas que las poblaciones nacionales de países desarrollados, como los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Además de la diferencia de género esperada en las tasas de mortalidad, hay una clara distinción entre las tablas de grupos de cobertura de riesgo y cobertura de sobrevivientes. Asimismo, se demuestra que las tablas regionales de población asegurada no presentan las conocidas discrepancias estructurales regionales en Brasil, lo que indica que participar de la población de asegurados está asociado con una protección contra la muerte más efectiva que otros factores como la región geográfica de residencia.

Does the ultrasonic activation of calcium silicate-based sealers affect their physicochemical properties?

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation (UA) on the physicochemical properties of hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers. Nine experimental conditions were created based on the hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (Bio-C Sealer, Sealer Plus BC and Bio Root RCS) and the ultrasonic activation (no activation [NA], 10 seconds, and 20 seconds). Then the experimental groups were BC-NA, BC-10, BC-20, SPBC-NA, SPBC-10, SPBC-20, BR-NA, BR-10, and BR-20. Activation was performed with an ultrasonic insert 20/.01. The mold for the physicochemical analysis was filled and evaluated according to the ANSI/ADA specification nº. 57: initial and final setting time, flow, radiopacity and solubility. Tests were also performed to evaluate pH and calcium ion release with experimental periods of 1, 24, 72, and 168 hours with a pH meter and colorimetric spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests. The significance level was set at 5%. The time of UA progressively delayed the initial setting time for all hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (p < 0.05). Twenty seconds of UA increased the mean flow values of Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer compared to NA (p < 0.05). UA did not influence the radiopacity and solubility of the tested sealers (p > 0.05). UA for 20 seconds enhanced the pH levels and the calcium ion release of Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer at 168h (p < 0.05). UA for twenty seconds interferes with some physicochemical properties of hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da ativação ultrassônica nas propriedades físico-químicas de cimentos de silicato de cálcio. Nove condições experimentais foram criadas com base nos cimentos de silicato de cálcio (Bio-C Sealer, Sealer Plus BC e Bio Root RCS) e na ativação ultrassônica (sem ativação [SA], 10 segundos e 20 segundos). Os grupos experimentais foram BC-SA, BC-10, BC-20, SPBC-SA, SPBC-10, SPBC-20, BR-SA, BR-10 e BR-20. A ativação foi realizada com um inserto ultrassônico 20/.01. O molde para a análise físico-química foi preenchido e avaliado de acordo com a especificação ANSI/ADA nº. 57: tempo de presa inicial e final, escoamento, radiopacidade e solubilidade. Também foram realizados testes para avaliação de pH e liberação de íons cálcio com períodos experimentais de 1, 24, 72 e 168 horas com pHmetro e espectrofotômetro colorimétrico. Os dados foram analisados por análise de variância one-way e testes post-hoc de Tukey. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. O tempo de AU aumentou progressivamente o tempo de presa inicial para todos os cimentos de silicato de cálcio (p < 0,05). Vinte segundos de AU aumentaram os valores médios de escoamento de Sealer Plus BC e Bio-C Sealer em comparação com SA (P < 0,05). A AU não influenciou a radiopacidade e a solubilidade dos cimentos testados (P > 0,05). AU por 20 segundos aumentou os níveis de pH e a liberação de íons cálcio de Sealer Plus BC e Bio-C Sealer em 168h (P < 0,05). AU por vinte segundos interfere em algumas propriedades físico-químicas dos cimentos de silicato de cálcio.

Root perforating internal replacement resorption: a case report clinical with 10-year follow-up

This study aims to report a root perforating internal replacement resorption treated and followed up for ten years. A 19-years female showed in periapical tomography enlargement of the entire length of the root canal of tooth 11. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed a hypodense area with jagged edges involving the pulp cavity space and communication with the periodontium. After being accessed and prepared, the canal and its resorption defect were obturated with mineral trioxide aggregate. The cervical third was sealed with glass ionomer, and the tooth was restored with composite resin. Ten years later, the tomography showed intact root canal filling and periapical and periodontal injury absence. The use of repair cement for root canal obturation with perforating internal replacement resorption is an alternative for these cases, being fundamental to have a clinical, radiographic and tomographic follow-up to evaluate the treatment success.

Does ultrasonic activation improve the bond strength and root canal filling quality of endodontic sealers?

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic activation (UA) of three endodontic sealers on the bond strength to root dentin and root canal filling quality. Ninety six bovine incisors were instrumented and root canal filling was carried out using AH Plus (AP), Sealer Plus (SP), or Sealer Plus BC (BC), with or without UA (n=16/group). Two 1.5-mm slices were obtained from each root third. The first slice was subjected to push-out testing and failure mode analysis, while the second was observed under a stereomicroscope for filling quality assessment. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (α=0.05). SP showed higher bond strength and fewer voids than BC in the apical third and when root thirds data were pooled. SP also had higher bond strength compared with AH Plus in the apical third. UA improved the bond strength when BC was used but did not affect the filling quality of any sealer. There were no significant differences between the ultrasonically activated sealers regarding bond strength and filling quality. When root thirds were compared, the bond strength was similar along the root, but there was a tendency to worsen filling quality, with more voids, in the apical segment. In conclusion, UA was effective in increasing the bond strength of the calcium silicate-based sealer but did not improve its filling quality. For the epoxy resin-based sealers, these properties were not affected by UA.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da ativação ultrassônica de três cimentos endodônticos na resistência de união à dentina radicular e na qualidade da obturação do canal radicular. Noventa e seis incisivos bovinos foram instrumentados e a obturação dos canais radiculares foi realizada com AH Plus (AP), Sealer Plus (SP) ou Sealer Plus BC (BC), com ou sem AU (n=16/grupo). Duas fatias de 1,5 mm foram obtidas de cada terço radicular. A primeira fatia foi submetida ao teste push-out e análise de modo de falha, enquanto a segunda foi observada em um estereomicroscópio para avaliação da qualidade da obturação. Os dados foram analisados ​​por testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e Friedman (α=0,05). SP mostrou maior resistência de união e menos espaços vazios na massa obturadora do que BC no terço apical e quando os dados dos terços radiculares foram agrupados. SP também apresentou maior resistência de união em comparação ao AH Plus no terço apical. A AU melhorou a resistência de união quando BC foi usado, mas não afetou a qualidade da obturação de nenhum dos cimentos. Não houve diferença significante entre os cimentos ativados por ultrassom em relação à resistência de união e qualidade da obturação. Quando comparados os terços radiculares, a resistência de união foi semelhante ao longo da raiz, mas houve uma tendência de pior qualidade no preenchimento, com mais vazios, no terço apical. Concluindo, a AU foi eficaz em aumentar a resistência de união do cimento à base de silicato de cálcio, mas não melhorou a qualidade da obturação. Para os cimentos à base de resina epóxi, essas propriedades não foram afetadas pela AU.

Effect of bioceramic root canal sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with resin cements

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of calcium silicate-based sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts using conventional and self-adhesive resin cement. Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected. The canals were prepared with a reciprocating instrument 40.06. The roots were randomly distributed in six groups (n = 10) according to the strategies for root canal filling and fiber posts cementation: AH Plus/RelyX ARC; AH Plus/RelyX U200; Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC; Bio C Sealer/RealyX U200; Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC; and Sealer Plus BC/RelyX U200. The roots were transversally sectioned, and one slice per post-third was obtained. The push-out test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The failure patterns were described after assessment with a stereomicroscope with a 10× magnification. Bond strength was calculated and analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey test. AH Plus did not influence the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with conventional (RelyX ARC) or with self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200). The lowest bond strength values were obtained when calcium silicate-based sealers were associated with conventional resin cement (Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC and Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC). Except for Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC, all groups presented lower bond strength at the apical portion compared to the cervical portion of the post. Adhesive failures between cement and post and cement and dentin were predominant (55.3%). Calcium silicate-based sealers decreased the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with conventional resin cement.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio na resistência de união de pinos de fibra utilizando cimentos resinosos convencionais e autoadesivos. Sessenta dentes humanos monorradiculares foram selecionados. Os canais foram preparados um instrumento reciprocante 40.06. As raízes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n = 10) de acordo com as estratégias de obturação do canal e cimentação dos pinos de fibra: AH Plus/RelyX ARC; AH Plus/RelyX U200; Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC; Bio C Sealer/RealyX U200; Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC; e Sealer Plus BC/RelyX U200. As raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente e foi obtido um espécime por terço. O teste de push-out foi realizado em uma velocidade de 1mm/min. Os padrões de falha foram descritos após avaliação em estereomicroscópio com aumento de 10×. A resistência de união foi calculada e analisada por ANOVA e teste de Tukey. AH Plus não influenciou na resistência de união dos pinos de fibra cimentados com cimento resinoso convencional (RelyX ARC) ou autoadesivo (RelyX U200) (p > 0,05). Os menores valores de resistência de união foram obtidos quando os cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio foram associados ao cimento resinoso convencional (Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC e Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC) (p < 0,05). Com exceção do Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC, todos os grupos apresentaram menor resistência de união na porção apical em comparação com a porção cervical do pino (p < 0,05). Falhas adesivas entre cimento e pino e cimento e dentina foram predominantes (55,3%). Cimentos a base de silicato de cálcio diminuíram a resistência de união de pinos de fibra cimentados com cimento resinoso convencional.

Effects of dentinary contamination by endodontic irrigants on bonding strength of adhesive systems

This study aimed to evaluate if 2.5% sodium hypochlorite compromises the adhesion of bonding materials. The factors in the study were the irrigation solutions in two levels: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and saline solution; and the adhesive systems used in three levels: three-step adhesive, universal adhesive, and two-step self-etch adhesive systems. The answer variable used was the microshear bond strength obtained through a universal testing machine and fracture mode. Six groups were obtained (n=10) : Etch-and-rinse/Saline (saline solution + 3-step adhesive system - Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M ESPE); Universal/saline (saline solution + universal adhesive system ­ Prime&Bond,); Self-etch/saline (saline solution + 2-step self-etch adhesive systems - Clearfil SE Bond); Etch-and-rinse/Hypo (sodium hypochlorite 2,5% + 3-step adhesive system - Scotchbond Multiuso); Universal/Hypo (sodium hypochlorite 2,5% + universal adhesive system ­ Prime&Bond); Self-etch/Hypo (sodium hypochlorite 2,5% + 2-step self-etch adhesive system - Clearfil Se Bond). The specimens were obtained from 60 healthy bovine incisors. The crowns were separated from the roots, and the regularization of the buccal surface was performed. The groups received saline solution and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes, respectively. A matrix of 1mm and 3mm oh height was stabilized by Scotch tape to obtain the resin sticks. Afterward, the bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at 1mm/min speed. The data were analyzed with normality Shapiro-Wilk, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's tests (p<0.001). Etch-and-rinse and Self-etch adhesives presented the highest bond strength values after irrigation with saline solution and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, respectively (P < 0.01). The irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite decreased the bond strength values of Etch-and-rinse and Universal (P < 0.01). On the other hand, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite improved the bond strength values of Self-etch (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite negatively impacted the bond strength of Etch-and-rinse and Universal but improved the adhesion of Self-etch.

Evaluation of the dentinal tubule penetration of an endodontic bioceramic sealer after three final irrigation protocols

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the dentinal tubule penetration of an endodontic bioceramic sealer, Sealer Plus BC, after three final irrigation protocols. Methods: Thirty distobuccal roots of maxillary molars were selected. Root canal preparation was performed up to an #40.06 instrument (X1 Blue) under 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=10), according to the final irrigation protocol: G-NaOCl (2.5% sodium hypochlorite + PUI), G-SS (0.9% saline solution + PUI) and G-H20 (Deionized water + PUI). After final irrigation protocols, all specimens were irrigated with phosphate buffer solution. Root canal obturation was performed using the single cone technique and Sealer Plus BC, stained with a specific fluorophore. Specimens were transversely sectioned and each root third was evaluated in a confocal scanning laser microscopy. Images obtained were analyzed for sealer penetration in the dentinal tubules. Results: Dentinal tubule penetration of Sealer Plus BC was not observed in any root third, regardless of the final irrigation protocol investigated. Conclusions: Sealer Plus BC dentinal tubule penetration was not observed after none of the protocols tested. Dentinal tubule penetrability of Sealer Plus BC may be related to other factors rather than the final irrigation protocol.

Fish species of the Paraiba River estuary, northeastern Brazil / Espécies de peixes do estuário do Rio Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil

Abstract The Paraiba River estuary is the largest and most important estuary of Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil. It is under intense environmental degradation by the surrounding human population, and possibly several fish species are at risk in this habitat. Scientific sampling of the ichthyofauna started in the late 1970's and proceeded until recently. We present a list of fish species captured in this estuary, based on voucher specimens housed at the Federal University of Paraiba collection. Four orders of Chondrichthyes and 26 orders of Osteichthyes were identified. A total of 187 fish species, including eight species of Chondrichthyes and 179 Osteichthyes, with 123 genera and 57 families were identified. Perciformes dominated in terms of richness (32 species), followed by Acanthuriformes and Clupeiformes. Comparing estuaries along the Brazilian northeastern coast and considering our large time sampling span, a higher richness would be expected. According to the IUCN Red List, Urotrygon microphthalmum is considered Critically Endangered and more seven species are classified as Vulnerable: Rhizoprionodon porosus, Rhinoptera bonasus, Megalops atlanticus, Epinephelus itajara, Hyporthodus niveatus, Lutjanus cyanopterus, and Cynoscion acoupa. Three of these species also appear in the same category in the threatened Brazilian list, all of which have declining population trends. Concerning the Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinus porosus is listed as Critically Endangered in our country and globally. This inventory organizes and broadens knowledge on the fish community that occurs in this important ecosystem, with inferences about life habits, ecological guilds and conservation status of the fish species.

Resumo O estuário do Rio Paraíba, maior e mais importante do estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil, sofre intensa degradação ambiental pela população humana no seu entorno, e possivelmente várias espécies de peixes estão ameaçadas neste habitat. Nós apresentamos uma lista de espécies de peixes capturadas neste estuário, com base em espécimes tombados na coleção da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Quatro ordens de Chondrichthyes e 26 ordens de Osteichthyes foram identificadas. Um total de 187 espécies de peixes foi registrado, incluindo oito espécies de Chondrichthyes e 179 Osteichthyes, com 123 gêneros e 57 famílias. Em relação à riqueza, Perciformes dominou com 32 espécies, seguido por Acanthuriformes e Clupeiformes. Comparando estuários ao longo do nordeste brasileiro e considerando nosso longo período de amostragens, seria esperada uma riqueza maior. De acordo com a lista vermelha da IUCN, Urotrygon microphthalmum é tida como Criticamente Ameaçada e mais sete espécies são classificadas como Vulnerável: Rhizoprionodon porosus, Rhinoptera bonasus, Megalops atlanticus, Epinephelus itajara, Hyporthodus niveatus, Lutjanus cyanopterus e Cynoscion acoupa. Três dessas espécies também aparecem na mesma categoria na lista brasileira de espécies ameaçadas, tendo todas elas, suas populações em declínio. Em relação aos Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinus porosus é listada como Criticamente Ameaçada em nosso país e globalmente. Esse inventário abrange e organiza o conhecimento acerca da comunidade de peixes que ocorre nesse importante ecossistema, com inferências sobre hábitos de vida, guildas ecológicas e status de conservação das espécies de peixes.

Successful revascularization procedure in an immature permanent necrotic second lower molar: a case report with 4. 5- years follow- up

Background: Infection control is mandatory for revascularization procedures, enabling to eliminate patient's clinical symptoms and signs. Despite presenting a complex morphology when compared to anterior teeth, if a strict disinfection protocol is adopted and the revascularization procedure's biological principles are followed, the therapy can be successful in molar teeth. Methods: This case report aims to present a clinical case of successful revascularization in an immature permanent necrotic second lower molar. Clinical decisions and explanations regarding possible mechanisms related to the treatment's success in a tooth with complex morphology are discussed. Results: Revascularization procedures were performed on a 12-year-old male patient diagnosed with symptomatic periapical periodontitis in a tooth 37. The case highlights the need for infection control and biological principles that surrounds the success of this therapy. Follow-up times presented in this case were six months, 1, 2, 4 and 4.5-years, respectively. Continued root development was observed, and the tooth remains intact and without symptoms. Conclusion: The association of infection control and the biological principles of revascularization procedures allow the maintenance and continuation of tooth development, even when these present complex morphologies.

Evaluation of the impact of pain from dental urgencies on the patients' oral health- related quality of life: a cross- sectional study

Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of pain from dental urgencies on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods. A sample of sixty-eight patients seeking urgent attention to a primary health unit were included. Clinical diagnosis and sociodemographic data were assessed, dental pain measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) instrument was used to measure the OHRQoL. Associations were analyzed using the Student t-test, except for types of urgencies, that were evaluated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results. The most prevalent urgency type was of endodontic origin (81%). There was no difference between pain and other variables. The type of tooth showed significant differences in OHIP-14 scores. Conclusion. Dental urgencies were associated with a high level of pain and impacted negatively on the patients' OHRQoL. The type of tooth had a positive association the OHRQoL measures.

Taxa de publicação de resumos da área de Endodontia apresentados na Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica entre 2013 e 2016 / Full-length publication rates of endodontic abstracts presented at the Brazilian Society of Oral Research meetings between 2013 and 2016

O conceito de Odontologia baseada em evidências requer a produção e publicação de pesquisas de alta qualidade em periódicos internacionais criteriosos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as taxas de publicação de resumos endodônticos apresentados na reunião da SBPqO nos anos de 2013, 2014, 2015 e 2016. Material e Métodos: O fator de impacto e a classificação Qualis dos periódicos, e o tempo decorrido entre o congresso e a publicação completa também foram avaliados. Em seguida, foram classificados em seis categorias: pesquisa básica endodôntica, revisão de temas endodônticos, estudos clínicos, ensaios clínicos randomizados, pesquisa básica tecnológica ou relatos de caso. Uma pesquisa em bancos de dados eletrônicos usando o mecanismo Medline (PubMed) foi realizada de janeiro de 2018 a julho de 2018, para identificar publicações escritas em inglês com texto completo dos resumos endodônticos previamente selecionados. A identificação da publicação em texto completo dos resumos foi inicialmente realizada utilizando o sobre- nome do primeiro autor e as principais palavras-chave do título do resumo. Após a verificação do artigo em texto completo, informações adicionais foram registradas, tais como: tempo decorrido até a publicação; nome, fator de impacto e classificação Qualis da revista; e o tipo de estudo. Resultados: Após a leitura do conteúdo da reunião, 1.238 resumos (10,2%) foram considerados de interesse endodôntico e, em seguida, foi realizada uma busca eletrônica no banco de dados. Conclusão: Um grande número de resumos endodônticos não foi publicado como um manuscrito completo. Estudos clínicos e ensaios clínicos randomizados representaram uma pequena parte das publicações (AU).

Evidence-based dentistry consists in the clinical application of concepts based on researches pub- lished as scientific papers in indexed periodicals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the publication rates of endodontic abstracts presented in the meeting of SBPqO in the years of 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Materials and Methods: Endodontic abstracts presented between 2013 and 2016 were included. Then, they were classified into six categories: endodontic basic research, review endodontic topics, clinical studies, randomized clinical trials, technological basic research or case reports. An electronic database search using the Medline (PubMed) engine was performed from January 2018 to July 2018 to identify full-text English-written publications of the endodontic abstracts previously selected. The identification of full-text publication of the abstracts was initially performed using the first authors last name and the main keywords from the title of the abstract. Following full-text article verification, additional information was recorded such as: elapsed time until publication; name, impact factor and Qualis classification of the journal; and type of study. Results: After reading the content of the meeting, 1,238 abstracts (10.2%) were considered to be of endodontic interest, and then an electronic database search was performed. Conclusion: A large number of endodontic abstracts were not published as a full-length manuscript. Clinical studies and randomized clinical trials represented the small part of the publications (AU).

Reflexões sobre a coleta do quesito raça/cor na Atenção Básica (SUS) no Sul do Brasil / Reflections on the collection of the issue of race/color in the Basic Care (SUS) in the south of Brazil

Resumo Este artigo analisa a forma e os efeitos da coleta do quesito raça/cor na pesquisa "Racismo, relações de saber-poder e sofrimento psíquico". A pesquisa foi realizada em uma parceria entre as Universidades Federais do Rio Grande do Sul e de Pelotas e as Secretarias Municipais de Saúde de Porto Alegre e de Pelotas, com foco na Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa elaborada em conjunto com profissionais da rede. O referencial teórico-metodológico se sustenta na psicologia social e na pesquisa-intervenção. Foram entrevistados(as) 580 usuários(as) e realizados 11 grupos focais com usuários(as) e profissionais da saúde. Os resultados apontam que 53% dos(as) usuários(as) entrevistados(as) se autodeclararam negros(as), corroborando outros estudos que demonstram que os(as) usuários(as) do SUS são majoritariamente negros(as). Na análise dos grupos focais, identificamos três aspectos principais: (1) existe a dificuldade em perguntar/responder a autodeclaração racial; (2) o racismo se expressa na coleta do quesito raça/cor; (3) os(as) profissionais de saúde têm dificuldade em reconhecer a utilidade do quesito raça/cor. Assim, é preciso fortalecer as práticas de educação continuada sobre as relações entre racismo e saúde.

Abstract This article analyzes the form and effects of collecting information on race/color in the research "Racism, knowledge-power relations and psychological suffering". The research was carried out in a partnership between the Federal Universities of Rio Grande do Sul and Pelotas and the Municipal Health Departments of Porto Alegre and Pelotas, focused on the Basic Care of the Unified Health System (SUS). This is a research developed in conjunction with health professionals. The theoretical-methodological framework is based on social psychology and research-intervention. In total, 580 users were interviewed, and 11 focus groups were held with users and health professionals. The results show that 53% of the interviewed users declared themselves as black, corroborating other studies that demonstrate that SUS' users are mostly black. In the analysis of the focus groups, we identified three main aspects: (1) there is a difficulty in asking/answering the racial self-declaration; (2) racism is expressed in the collection of information on race/color; (3) health professionals find it difficult to recognize the usefulness of the race/color item for health practices. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen continuous education practices on the relation between racism and health.

Two new species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Paratrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Orinoco basin, with comments on the taxonomy of Paratrygon aiereba

The genus Paratrygon, currently recognized as the sole monotypic genus of the family Potamotrygonidae, has a considerably greater diversity than previously indicated, including molecular studies, which supported P. aiereba (hitherto the only recognized species in the genus) as a possible species complex. Here we describe two new species of the genus that are both endemic to and sympatric in the Orinoco basin. Paratrygon aiereba, type species of the genus, is now restricted to the Amazon basin. Both new species are identified and defined through morphological characters such as coloration, dermal denticle morphology, arrangement of thorns, distribution and morphology of ventral lateral line canals, morphology of skeletal elements, and morphometrics. An extensive comparison of these characters between the new species herein described and P. aiereba is presented. Finally, a taxonomic reappraisal of P. aiereba is provided through a revision of preserved material and its original description, plus new evidence about its type-locatity, collectors, and a reconsideration of the destination of its type-specimen.(AU)

O gênero Paratrygon, reconhecido atualmente como o único gênero monotípico da família Potamotrygonidae, possui uma considerável alta diversidade do que previamente indicado, incluindo estudos moleculares, que corroboravam P. aiereba (a única espécie reconhecida para o gênero até então) como um possível complexo de espécies. Aqui descrevemos duas novas espécies do gênero para a bacia do Orinoco, ambas endêmicas e simpátricas para esta bacia. Paratrygon aiereba, espécie tipo do gênero, agora está restrita para a bacia Amazônica. Ambas novas espécies são identificadas e definidas através de caracteres morfológicos tais como coloração, morfologia dos dentículos dérmicos, arranjo dos espinhos pontiagudos, distribuição e morfologia dos canais ventrais da linha lateral, morfologia dos elementos do esqueleto e morfometria. Uma comparação extensiva destes caracteres entre as novas espécies aqui descritas e P. aiereba é apresentada. Finalmente uma reavaliação taxonômica de P. aiereba é fornecida através da revisão de espécimes preservados e de sua descrição original, além de novas evidências sobre sua possível localidade-tipo, coletores, e uma reconsideração do destino de seu espécime-tipo.(AU)

Eficácia de três protocolos de irrigação final para remoção de raspas dentinárias e material obturador em irregularidades simuladas / Effectiveness of three final irrigation protocols for debris and filling removal from simulated irregularities

Objetivos: Avaliar três protocolos de irrigação final para remoção de detritos e material obturador de istmos simulados. Métodos: Setenta e oito pré-molares foram preparados com o sistema WaveOne Gold 45.05. Os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente e um istmo padronizado foi confeccionado no terço apical. Seis raízes foram utilizadas como controle negativo. Os espécimes foram randomizados em dois grupos principais (n=36). Trinta e seis raízes tiveram o istmo preenchido com detritos e as outras trinta e seis raízes foram obturadas com guta-percha e cimento endodôntico, por meio da técnica híbrida de Tagger. Cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos (n=12), de acordo com o protocolo de irrigação final: Easy Clean; irrigação ultrassônica passiva (PUI); e XP Clean. A ativação do NaOCl 2,5% pelo Easy Clean foi realizada em três ciclos de vinte segundos; e pelo XP Clean, por um minuto em movimento reciprocante e contínuo, respectivamente. No grupo PUI, o irrigante foi ativado em três períodos de vinte segundos. Resultados: Não foi encontrada associação entre os escores de remoção de detritos e os protocolos de irrigação (p=0,165). Foi observada associação entre os escores de remoção do material obturador e os protocolos de irrigação final (p<0,05). Conclusões: Os protocolos de irrigação final foram efetivos para a remoção de detritos, mas não para remoção de material obturador de istmos no terço apical (AU).

This study aimed to assess three final irrigation protocols on debris and filling removal from simulated irregularities. Methods: Seventy-eight mandibular premolars were prepared with WaveOne Gold system 45.05, splitted longitudinally, and a standardized groove was performed in the apical portion of the canals. Six roots served as negative control. The roots were randomly divided into two main groups (n = 36). The grooves were filled with dentin debris in thirty six roots. The others thirty-six were filled with gutta-percha and endodontic sealer using Tagger hybrid technique. Each main group was then divided into three groups (n = 12) according to the final irrigation protocol: Easy Clean, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and XP Clean. In Easy Clean 2.5% NaOCl activation was performed for 3 cycles of 20 seconds and XP Clean for one minute under reciprocating and continuous rotary motion and continuous rotary motion, respectively. In the PUI group, the irrigant was activated in three periods of 20 seconds. Results: No association was found among the scores of debris removal and the irrigation protocols (p = .165). An association was observed among the filling material removal scores and irrigation protocols (p< .05). Conclusion: Easy Clean, PUI and XP Clean were effective for dentin debris removal, but did not for filling material from artificial grooves in the apical third (AU).